Mu gitabo "Umurwa Utagaragara" cyanditswe n'umwanditsi w'Umutaliyani witwa Calvino, hari interuro igira iti: "Umurwa umeze nk'inzozi, kandi byose umuntu ashobora kurota…"
Nk'ikiremwa gikomeye cy'umuco w'abantu, imijyi ifite icyifuzo cy'abantu cyo kubaho neza. Mu myaka ibihumbi n'ibihumbi, kuva kuri Plato kugeza kuri Moore, abantu bahoraga bizeye kubaka Utopia. Kubwibyo, mu buryo runaka, kubaka umujyi mushya w'ubwenge biri hafi cyane y'uko abantu batekereza ku buzima bwiza.
Mu myaka ya vuba aha, bitewe n'iterambere ryihuse ry'ibikorwa remezo bishya mu Bushinwa ndetse n'ikoranabuhanga rishya nka interineti y'ibintu, kubaka no guteza imbere imijyi ifite ubwenge biri kugenda neza. Umujyi w'inzozi ushobora kumva, gutekereza, guhinduka no kugira ubushyuhe buri kugenda buhinduka impamo buhoro buhoro..
Umushinga wa kabiri mu bunini mu bijyanye na interineti y'ibintu:Umujyi w'ubwenge
Umushinga w’umujyi mwiza n’umujyi mwiza ni umwe mu mishinga yaganiriweho cyane. Ukorwa ahanini binyuze mu gukoresha interineti y’ibintu ifite intego kandi ihujwe, amakuru n’uburyo bwo guhuza, hamwe no guhuza ibisubizo n’izindi koranabuhanga.
Kubera ko imishinga y’imijyi igezweho izahinduka kuva ku mishinga y’igihe gito y’imijyi igezweho ikagera ku cyiciro cya mbere cy’imijyi igezweho, imishinga y’imijyi igezweho iziyongera cyane. Mu by’ukuri, iri terambere ryatangiye mu myaka myinshi ishize kandi ryihuta mu 2016. Muri byo, ntibigoye kubona ko umushinga w’imijyi igezweho ari umwe mu mishinga ikomeye ya interineti y’ibintu mu bikorwa.
Raporo yashyizwe ahagaragara na IoT Analytics, ikigo cy’Abadage gishinzwe gusesengura interineti y’ibintu, ivuga ko ukurikije uruhare rw’imishinga ya interineti y’ibintu ku isi, umushinga w’umujyi w’ubwenge ni wo mushinga wa kabiri mu bunini wa interineti y’ibintu, nyuma y’inganda za interineti. Muri uwo mushinga w’umujyi w’ubwenge, porogaramu ikunzwe cyane ni ubwikorezi bw’ubwenge, hagakurikiraho ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga.
Kugira ngo umujyi ube "umujyi w'ubwenge" nyawo, ukeneye uburyo burambuye bwo guhuza imishinga itandukanye no guhuza amakuru menshi n'imbuga kugira ngo ugere ku byiza byose bizanwa n'umujyi w'ubwenge. Muri byo harimo:ikoranabuhanga rifunguyenaurubuga rwo gufunguriraho amakurubizaba ari urufunguzo rw'icyiciro gikurikiraho.
IDC yavuze ko urubuga rw’amakuru afunguye muri 2018 ruzaba umupaka ukurikiraho w’urubuga rwa interineti y’ibintu. Nubwo hazabaho imbogamizi zimwe na zimwe kandi nta hantu havuzwe cyane ku mijyi igezweho, biragaragara ko iterambere ry’uru rubuga rw’amakuru afunguye rizagira umwanya ukomeye mu bijyanye n’imijyi igezweho.
Mu kiganiro “IDC FutureScape: Iteganyagihe ry’Umuyoboro Mpuzamahanga w’Ibintu muri 2017″, IDC yavuze ku iterambere ry’aya makuru afunguye. Iyi sosiyete yavuze ko mu 2019, kugeza kuri 40% by’inzego z’ibanze n’iz’uturere zizakoresha Umuyoboro w’Ibintu mu guhindura ibikorwa remezo nk’amatara yo ku mihanda, imihanda n’ibimenyetso by’umuhanda mo umutungo aho kuba imyenda.
Ni ibihe bintu bikoreshwa mu mijyi ikoresha ubwenge?Wenda ntabwo tuzahita dutekereza ku mushinga w’ibidukikije bigezweho n’umushinga wo kuburira abantu ku myuzure, ariko ntawahakana ko ari ingenzi mu mushinga w’umujyi ugezweho. Urugero, iyo ihumana ry’ibidukikije mu mijyi rihanganye, iyi ni imwe mu mpamvu z’ingenzi zo kubaka imishinga y’umujyi ugezweho, kuko ishobora gutanga inyungu zitaziguye kandi zifite akamaro ku baturage.
Birumvikana ko imanza zizwi cyane mu mijyi ikoresha ikoranabuhanga zirimo guparika imodoka mu buryo bw’ubwenge, gucunga imodoka mu buryo bw’ubwenge, amatara yo mu mihanda mu buryo bw’ubwenge no gucunga imyanda mu buryo bw’ubwenge. Nyamara, izi manza zikunze guhuza ibintu bivanze byo kunoza imikorere, gukemura ibibazo byo mu mijyi, kugabanya ikiguzi, kunoza ubuzima bwo mu mijyi no gushyira abaturage imbere kubera impamvu zitandukanye.
Ibi bikurikira ni bimwe mu bintu bikoreshwa cyangwa amashami y'imijyi igezweho:
Serivisi za leta, nka serivisi z'abaturage, serivisi z'ubukerarugendo, gutwara abantu n'ibintu rusange, umwirondoro n'imicungire, na serivisi z'amakuru.
Umutekano rusange, nko gukoresha amatara y’ubwenge, gukurikirana ibidukikije, gukurikirana imitungo, polisi, gukurikirana amashusho no gutabara mu gihe cy’ubutabazi bw’ibanze.
Kuramba, harimo kugenzura ibidukikije, gucunga no gusana imyanda mu buryo bw'ubwenge, ingufu z'ubwenge, gupima mu buryo bw'ubwenge, amazi y'ubwenge, n'ibindi.
Ibikorwaremezo, harimo ibikorwa remezo by’ubwenge, gukurikirana ubuzima bw’inyubako n’inzibutso, inyubako z’ubwenge, kuhira amazi by’ubwenge, n’ibindi.
Ubwikorezi: umuhanda w'ubwenge, gusangira imodoka mu buryo bw'ikoranabuhanga, guparika imodoka mu buryo bw'ubwenge, gucunga imodoka mu buryo bw'ubwenge, gukurikirana urusaku n'ihumana ry'imyanda, n'ibindi.
Mu mirima yaubuvuzi bw'ubwenge, uburezi bw'ubwenge, imiyoborere y'ubwenge, igenamigambi ry'ubwenge, amakuru y'ubwenge/afunguye, imikorere na serivisi by’umujyi ugezweho birushaho guhuzwa, ari nabyo bintu by’ingenzi bituma umujyi ugezweho urushaho gukora neza.
Si umujyi w’ubwenge gusa ushingiye ku “ikoranabuhanga”
Uko dutangira kwerekeza ku mujyi w’ubwenge nyakuri, amahitamo ajyanye n’ibijyanye n’ikoranabuhanga, guhanahana amakuru, urubuga rwa interineti y’ibintu n’ibindi bizakomeza gutera imbere.
Cyane cyane ku bintu byinshi bikoreshwa nko gucunga imyanda mu buryo bw’ubwenge cyangwa guparika mu buryo bw’ubwenge, ikoranabuhanga rya interineti y’ibintu rikoreshwa mu mijyi igezweho muri iki gihe ryoroshye kandi rihendutse. Ibidukikije byo mu mijyi akenshi bifite uburyo bwiza bwo gukwirakwiza insinga ku bice bya telefoni zigendanwa. Hariho ibicu, ibisubizo bimwe na bimwe by’ingenzi n’ibicuruzwa byagenewe imishinga y’umujyi igezweho, hamwe n’imiyoboro y’amashanyarazi make (LPWAN) mu mijyi myinshi ku isi. Ibi birahagije kugira ngo bihuze n’ibikorwa byinshi.
Nubwo hari ikintu cy'ingenzi mu bya tekiniki, akamaro k'imijyi ifite ubwenge ni byinshi kuruta ibyo. Abantu bashobora no kuganira ku nsobanuro y'"ubwenge". Birumvikana ko mu buryo bugoye cyane kandi bwuzuye bw'imijyi ifite ubwenge, ari ugukemura ibyifuzo by'abaturage no gukemura ibibazo by'abantu, sosiyete n'abaturage bo mu mijyi.
Mu yandi magambo,Umujyi watsinze mu mushinga w’umujyi w’ubwenge si ukugaragaza ikoranabuhanga, ahubwo ni ukugera ku ntego hashingiwe ku buryo rusange bw’ibidukikije by’ubwubatsi n’ibyo abantu bakeneye (harimo n’ibyo bakeneye mu buryo bw’umwuka).Birumvikana ko mu buryo busanzwe, buri gihugu n'umuco biratandukanye. Nubwo ibikenewe by'ibanze ari byinshi, binakubiyemo intego z'imikorere n'iz'ubucuruzi.
Muri iki gihe, icyo ari cyo cyose cyitwa ubwenge, cyaba inyubako y’ubwenge, ikoranabuhanga rigezweho cyangwa umujyi w’ubwenge, ishingiro ryabyo ni uguhuza amakuru n’ikoranabuhanga, bigerwaho hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga ritandukanye bigahinduka ubwenge nk’ishingiro ryo gufata ibyemezo. Birumvikana ko ibi bidasobanura ko guhuza ari interineti y’ibintu gusa, kandi ko umuryango uhujwe ari ingenzi kimwe n’abaturage.
Urebye imbogamizi nyinshi ku isi nko gusaza kw'abaturage n'ibibazo by'imihindagurikire y'ikirere, ndetse n'"amasomo" yavuye muri iki cyorezo, biragaragara ko intego yo kongera gusuzuma imijyi ari ingenzi cyane kurusha mbere hose, cyane cyane urwego rw'imibereho n'imibereho myiza ni ingenzi cyane.
Accenture yakoze ubushakashatsi bushingiye ku birebana na serivisi za leta ku baturage, bwiga ku ikoreshwa ry'ikoranabuhanga rishya harimo na interineti y'ibintu, maze basanga kunoza kunyurwa kw'abaturage ari byo byaje ku mwanya wa mbere. Nk'uko imbonerahamwe y'amakuru y'ubushakashatsi ibigaragaza, kunoza kunyurwa kw'abakozi nabyo biri hejuru cyane (80%), kandi mu bihe byinshi, gushyira mu bikorwa ikoranabuhanga rigezweho rya interineti byatanze umusaruro ufatika.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gashyantare-17-2023
