Incamake: Nk’ikigo kinini cy’ubucuruzi ku isi, Walmart yagize ingaruka zikomeye ku rwego rw’ubucuruzi ndetse no ku bandi benshi bitabira urwo rwego. Mu myaka ya vuba aha, ishoramari rikomeye rya Walmart mu ikoranabuhanga rya RFID, cyane cyane icyemezo cyayo cyo guhatira ikoreshwa rya tagi za RFID ku byiciro byinshi by’ibicuruzwa, ntabwo byashyizeho gusa igipimo gishya ku nganda z’ubucuruzi, ahubwo byanatumye inganda zitekereza cyane ku bijyanye no kunoza imicungire y’uruhererekane rw’ibicuruzwa.
Amagambo ahinnye: RFID
Nk’umucuruzi ukomeye ku isi, Walmart yagize ingaruka zikomeye ku rwego rw’ubucuruzi ndetse no ku bandi benshi bitabira inganda. Mu myaka ya vuba aha, Walmart yashoye ishoramari rikomeye mu ikoranabuhanga rya RFID, cyane cyane icyemezo cyayo cyo gukoresha ingufuIbirango bya RFIDku byiciro byinshi by'ibicuruzwa, ntabwo byashyizeho gusa igipimo gishya ku nganda zicuruza ibicuruzwa, ahubwo byanatumye inganda zitekereza cyane ku bijyanye no kunoza imicungire y'uruhererekane rw'ibicuruzwa.
RFID si ikoranabuhanga rigezweho. Kuva iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga rya radar mu myaka ya 1940 ryabyara ishingiro ry'ikoranabuhanga rya RFID, nyuma y'imyaka myinshi y'ubushakashatsi n'ikoreshwa, ikoranabuhanga rya RFID ryagiye riva muri laboratwari rijya ku isoko buhoro buhoro. Cyane cyane nyuma yo kwinjira mu kinyejana cya 21, hamwe n'iterambere ryihuse ry'ikoranabuhanga nka interineti y'ibintu, amakuru menshi, ikoranabuhanga rya cloud computing, n'ubwenge bw'ubukorano, ikoranabuhanga rya RFID ryazanye amahirwe menshi y'iterambere atigeze abaho.
Hatabayeho amakuru meza atangwa na RFID, ibisubizo bya AI bishobora gukora nabi bitewe n’ubwiza buke bw’inyongera kandi ntibitange umusaruro witezwe n’ikigo. Bityo, guhuzaRFID na AIbizaba imbaraga z'ingenzi ku bigo kugira ngo bigere ku mpinduka mu buryo bw'ubwenge.
Ikoranabuhanga rya RFID rigaragaza kandi ubushobozi bukomeye mu bijyanye n'amakuru nka serivisi (DaaS). Uko sisitemu za RFID zikoreshwa cyane mu ruhererekane rw'ibicuruzwa, uburyo bwo kugaragara no gusobanukirwa imikorere yazo buri kugenda burushaho kuba ingirakamaro. Ku bakora, gukoresha RFID hakiri kare bishobora no gufungura amarembo yo kwinjiza amafaranga mu makuru bakora. Mu gusangira amakuru yakozwe na RFID n'ibitekerezo bishingiye ku buhanga bwa AI n'abakiriya, abakora bashobora gufungura amahirwe mashya nko gutanga amakuru nka serivisi, gushimangira umubano n'abakiriya, no kunoza amasezerano y'ejo hazaza. Ibi bizazana amasoko mashya y'inyungu ku bakora kandi binongere inyungu zabo ku isoko.
Ingamba za RFID za Walmart: kuva ku itegeko kugeza ku buyobozi
Walmart yiyemeje kunoza imicungire y'uruhererekane rw'ibicuruzwa no kunoza imikorere binyuze mu guhanga udushya mu ikoranabuhanga. Ikoranabuhanga risanzwe ryo gupima barcode ntabwo rikora neza kandi rikunze gukora amakosa iyo rikoresha ibicuruzwa byinshi. Ikoranabuhanga rya RFID, nk'ikoranabuhanga ryo gukusanya amakuru ryikora ridafite aho rihuriye n'amakuru, rifite ibyiza byo kumenya amakuru menshi, gukora neza cyane, no kubika ibicuruzwa byinshi. Ishobora gukurikirana no kubona ibicuruzwa mu gihe nyacyo, igatanga igisubizo gishya cyo gucunga uruhererekane rw'ibicuruzwa.
Mu 2019, Walmart yatangaje ko izashyira mu bikorwa ikoreshwa rya RAINIbirango bya RFIDku myenda n'inkweto bigurishwa mu maduka yayo. Iki cyemezo cyateje urujijo rwinshi icyo gihe, maze abacuruza ibicuruzwa benshi bagaragaza impungenge n'ubudahangarwa. Ariko, Walmart ntiyasubiye inyuma, ahubwo yashimangiye guteza imbere ingamba zayo za RFID.
Nyuma yaho, Walmart yaguriye iki gisabwa mu byiciro byinshi nko mu bikinisho, ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga, n'ibikoresho byo mu rugo. Nyuma yo gushyira neza ibirango kuri ibi byiciro by'ibicuruzwa gakondo, yaguriye ikoreshwa rya RAIN.Ibirango bya RFIDku mashami menshi, harimo ibitabo, ubukorikori, itangazamakuru/imikino, n'irangi n'ibikoresho mu byiciro byo mu ngo no mu busitani. Walmart irateganya gukomeza kongeramo ibindi byiciro mu gihe kizaza kugira ngo irusheho gushyira mu bikorwa ikoranabuhanga n'ubwenge bw'uruhererekane rw'ibicuruzwa.
Gahunda ya Walmart yo gushyira ibimenyetso ku isoko yatangiye nk'itegeko, ariko uko inganda zigenda zikoresha ikoranabuhanga rya RAIN RFID, buhoro buhoro yagiye iba ihame rikuru abandi bacuruzi bashobora gukurikiza. Walmart yakoranye bya hafi n'umushinga wa ARC wa Laboratwari ya RFID ya Kaminuza ya Auburn kugira ngo haterwe imbere ibipimo by'imikorere n'uburyo bwo kwemeza ibimenyetso ku bikoresho bya RAIN RFID bizakoreshwa mu maduka ya Walmart. Iyi gahunda ntiyemeza gusa ubwiza n'imikorere ya RFID, ahubwo inatanga amahame n'inzira abandi bacuruzi bashobora kwigiraho.
Impamvu Wal-Mart iha agaciro ikoreshwa rya RFID: kuva ku gukora neza kugeza ku bunararibonye
Impamvu Wal-Mart iha agaciro gakomeye ikoreshwa ry'ikoranabuhanga rya RFID ishingiye ahanini ku mpamvu zikurikira:
Ubwa mbere, byongera imikorere myiza. Mu gushyiramoIbirango bya RFIDKu bicuruzwa no mu bubiko, Wal-Mart ishobora gukurikirana imiterere y'ububiko mu gihe nyacyo, harimo n'amakuru nko kwinjira no gusohoka, aho ibicuruzwa biherereye, n'ingano y'ibicuruzwa. Ubu buryo bwo gukora mu gihe nyacyo butuma Wal-Mart ihindura amabwiriza na gahunda zo kubitanga mu gihe cyagenwe kugira ngo hirindwe ko ibicuruzwa byinshi cyangwa bidahagije, bityo bikanoza uburyo bwo gucunga ibicuruzwa neza. Byongeye kandi, ikoranabuhanga rya RFID rishobora no gufasha Wal-Mart gukurikirana urujya n'uruza rw'ibicuruzwa mu ruhererekane rw'ibicuruzwa. Byaba kuva ku batanga ibicuruzwa kugeza ku bigo bikwirakwiza ibicuruzwa cyangwa kuva ku bigo bikwirakwiza ibicuruzwa kugeza ku maduka, tagi za RFID zishobora gutanga amakuru nyayo y'aho ibicuruzwa biherereye kugira ngo birebe ko ibicuruzwa bishobora kugera ahantu hatandukanye hagurishirizwa ku gihe. Ibi ntibinoza gusa imikorere myiza y'ibikoresho, ahubwo binagabanya ibirarane by'ububiko n'ibintu bitaraboneka, bityo bikagabanya ikiguzi cy'imikorere.
Icya kabiri, byongera kunyurwa kw'abakiriya. Gukoresha ikoranabuhanga rya RFID bituma Wal-Mart ibasha gusobanukirwa neza amakuru y'ibicuruzwa, harimo ububiko bw'ibikoresho, ibyagurishijwe, aho ibicuruzwa biherereye, nibindi. Ibi bifasha Wal-Mart gutanga serivisi nziza ku bakiriya, nko kubona ibicuruzwa vuba no gutanga amakuru nyayo y'ububiko bw'ibikoresho. Byongeye kandi, ikoranabuhanga rya RFID rishobora kandi gufasha Wal-Mart kugera ku kwamamaza neza no gutanga inama zihariye, birushaho kunoza kunyurwa kw'abakiriya no kuba indahemuka.
Icya gatatu ni ugushimangira imicungire y’abatanga ibicuruzwa. Walmart inasaba abatanga ibicuruzwa byayo gushyira mu bikorwa ikoranabuhanga rya RFID. Mu gushyira ikoranabuhanga rya RFID hejuru, Walmart yageze ku buryo bworoshye bwo gushyira ibicuruzwa mu mwanya wabyo. Iyo abatanga ibicuruzwa bohereje ibicuruzwa, bashyiraho tagi za RFID ku bicuruzwa kandi bagakomeza kuvugurura amakuru ya tagi mu gihe cyo kubitwara. Iyo ibicuruzwa bigeze mu kigo cyangwa mu iduka rya Walmart, usoma RFID ashobora gusoma amakuru ya tagi mu buryo bwikora no kuyagereranya n’uburyo ibicuruzwa bitunganijwe kugira ngo amenye neza kandi byuzuye. Ubu buryo bwo gucunga abatanga ibicuruzwa ntibunoza gusa uburyo bwo kubika ibintu neza, ahubwo bunanoroshya inzira yo gutanga ibicuruzwa no kugabanya ingaruka n’amakosa.
Icya kane ni uguhangana n'irushanwa ry'ubucuruzi bwo kuri interineti. Bitewe n'iterambere ryihuse ry'ubucuruzi bwo kuri interineti, abacuruzi bakomeye bahura n'igitutu kidasanzwe cyo guhangana. Walmart yanogeje imicungire y'uruhererekane rw'ibicuruzwa no kunoza imikorere yayo ikoresheje ikoranabuhanga rya RFID, bityo yongera ubushobozi bwayo bwo guhangana n'ubucuruzi bwo kuri interineti. Ikoranabuhanga rya RFID rituma Walmart isubiza vuba impinduka mu isoko, itanga amahitamo meza y'ibicuruzwa ndetse n'uburambe bwo guhaha bworoshye.
Icya gatanu ni uguteza imbere impinduka mu ikoranabuhanga. Kwagura RFID muri Walmart mu byiciro bishya by'ibicuruzwa ni kimwe mu bigize impinduka mu ikoranabuhanga ikomeje gukora. Binyuze mu gukoresha ikoranabuhanga rya RFID, Walmart yageze ku mucyo, ubwenge n'imikorere y'uruhererekane rw'ibicuruzwa. Ibi ntibinoza gusa imikorere myiza no kunyurwa n'abakiriya, ahubwo binashyiraho urufatiro rukomeye rw'iterambere rya Walmart mu gihe kizaza.
Iherezo
Ingamba za Walmart zo gukoresha RFID ntizagize ingaruka zikomeye gusa kuri zo, ahubwo zanashyizeho igipimo gishya ku nganda zose z’ubucuruzi. Hamwe n’ishoramari rya Walmart rikomeje no gukoresha ikoranabuhanga rya RFID, abacuruzi benshi batangiye kwita kuri iri koranabuhanga no kugerageza kurikoresha. Dick's Sporting Goods isaba kandi abatanga serivisi mu mashami menshi gukoresha RFID tags ku bicuruzwa byose byinjira guhera ku ya 1 Mutarama 2025.
Ibi ntibiteza imbere gusa ko ikoranabuhanga rya RFID rikwirakwizwa kandi rigatera imbere, ahubwo binateza imbere impinduka mu ikoranabuhanga no kuzamura inganda zose z’ubucuruzi. Amasosiyete y’ubucuruzi ashobora kunoza imikorere no kugaragara kw’uruhererekane rw’ibicuruzwa, kunoza imicungire y’ibikoresho, kunoza uburambe bw’abaguzi mu guhaha, gushimangira ingamba zo kurwanya ubujura n’amahimbano, guteza imbere impinduka mu ikoranabuhanga no guhanga udushya, no gushimangira ubufatanye n’abatanga ibicuruzwa, kugira ngo bashobore guhangana neza n’impinduka ku isoko n’ibibazo no kunoza imikorere n’ubuhanga mu guhangana kw’ibigo.
Amakuru agaragaza ko mu bucuruzi, ikoranabuhanga rya RFID rifasha amasosiyete kugera ku micungire myiza y’ibikoresho, kunoza imiterere y’ibikoresho ku kigero kirenga 25%, kugabanya ibura ry’ibikoresho, igihombo n’ubujura, kongera igipimo cy’ibiciro bisanzwe byo kugurisha ku kigero cya 1% kugeza kuri 3.5%, no kongera inyungu ku kigero cya 1.5%. RFID kandi itanga imibare nyayo y’ibikoresho mu maduka kugira ngo ishyigikire kohereza ibicuruzwa mu buryo butandukanye nko kugura kuri interineti, kohereza ibicuruzwa ako kanya, no guhuza ububiko n’amaduka, bityo bikongera ubushobozi bwo guhangana n’ibibazo by’ihindagurika ry’ibicuruzwa.
Byongeye kandi, igiciro mpuzandengo cya tagi za RFID cyagabanutse cyane ku kigero cya 80% mu myaka icumi ishize, kandi igiciro cy'abasoma RFID cyagabanutseho hafi 50%, ibi bikaba bishobora gukurura cyane inyungu z'ibigo mu gukoresha iri koranabuhanga.
Ariko, igiti kimwe ntigishobora gukora ishyamba. Ibigo bigomba guhuza RFID n'ubwenge bw'ubukorano na interineti y'ibintu kugira ngo birusheho kugira uruhare muri iri koranabuhanga mu kunoza imikorere y'uruhererekane rw'ibicuruzwa. Ubwenge bw'ubukorano bushobora gucukura no gusesengura amakuru menshi yakusanyijwe na RFID, kuvumbura imiterere n'impinduka zishobora kubaho, no gutanga inkunga mu gufata ibyemezo by'ibigo. Ikoranabuhanga rya interineti y'ibintu rishobora guhuza RFID n'ibindi bikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga kugira ngo habeho guhuza amakuru no gukorana neza, birusheho kunoza urwego rw'ubwenge rw'uruhererekane rw'ibicuruzwa.
Mu guhuza RFID, ubwenge bw'ubukorano na interineti y'ibintu, ibigo bishobora kubaka sisitemu y'uruhererekane rw'ibicuruzwa by'ikoranabuhanga, ikora neza kandi ihindura imikorere. Iyi sisitemu ishobora kubona impinduka mu ruhererekane rw'ibicuruzwa mu gihe nyacyo, gusubiza vuba ibyo isoko rikeneye, kunoza imicungire y'ibikoresho, kunoza imikorere y'ibicuruzwa, no kugabanya ikiguzi cy'imikorere, bityo bikazamura ubushobozi bwo guhangana n'ibigo.
Bityo rero, amasosiyete y’ubucuruzi agomba kujyana n’iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga, agashakisha cyane ikoreshwa ry’ikoranabuhanga nka RFID, ubwenge bw’ubukorano na interineti y’ibintu, kandi agashyigikira buri gihe kunoza no guhanga udushya mu bikorwa by’uruhererekane rw’ibicuruzwa.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gashyantare-10-2025
